阅读理解六字真决

　3 2013 高考英语阅读理解 --- 六字真诀 （ 01 ）

　得阅读者得天下！阅读理解历来都是英语测试的重中之重，阅读战略一直都是各类英语考试备考之主打策略，阅读恐惧也是每位考生最大的应试恐惧。在长期的教学中，我总结了“重、定、划、看、防、读”阅读理解六字真诀，不少学生从中受益；很大一部分同学按此思路去运作解题，正确率大大提高，阅读理解零失误的同学也大有人在。现一一阐释，条分缕析，以飨读者。

　一、重

　 “重”——“重文本”。读懂文章最重要。

　 文本是题源所在，如果将考生比作勘探人员，那么文本就是他们的勘探场所。撰题者正式通过对文章的深入剖析，才将一个个地宝藏埋藏其中，让考生去发掘。所以读懂文本不仅是正确解题的第一步，也是最关键的一步。

　 但是，快速读懂一篇文章却非易事，需要进行大量的阅读习练。高超的阅读真功夫有赖良好的阅读习惯的培养。既要读得快，又要读得懂，良好的阅读习惯是保障。

　 1、阅读的不良习惯

　 要养成良好的阅读习惯，首先要克服阅读的不良习惯。下面我列举了一些常见的阅读不良习惯，对号入座，看你有否。

　 心译：读一句心译一句，句句必须借助汉语译文方能理解；

　 指读：阅读时总是用指头或笔尖等指着句子，边移边读；

　 逐字逐句：一字一句，字字重视，句句关心，生怕漏掉一个单词，眉毛胡子一把抓；

　 见生即查：阅读时欲将生词各个击破，完全扫清阅读障碍，认为只要没有生词，便可洞悉文章；

　 出声：阅读时发出声音，全篇诵读，字字句句，丝毫不拉；

　 唇读：阅读时虽没有发出声音，但唇随句变，词带舌移，只是声带未颤，声音未出；

　 默读：没有出声，也没有唇动舌移，但目光、意识仍在逐句念诵。

　 以上不良习惯要么会打断阅读思维的连贯性，要么会破坏对文本的整体理解，而它们最大的害处就是降低了阅读速度。拿高考来说，共有五篇文章，合理的时间分配是 35 分钟，再分配到每一篇就只有 7 分钟了（当然考生可以根据文章难易稍做调整）；可就我的教学经验，罕有学生在 35 分钟内高质量完成五篇文章；有的同学用了 50 分钟，有的多达一个小时，

　还不算上复查的时间。常听到同学抱怨“其实试题并不难，只是时间不够”，这正是阅读的不良习惯使然。

　 2、以意群为单位，成组视读

　 分清意群，停顿娴熟，不仅是朗诵的关键，更是阅读的基本素质。英语阅读时是以意群为单位，而非以单词或词组为单位。成组视读是说用眼睛扫视，不是一个词一个词的去默看，而是向探照灯一样根据意群，一组组的进行扫视，这时额头成了一个通道，被收纳的是信息，而不是词汇。这是一种高超的阅读能力，非以一贯之的坚持和大量的阅读不能够习得。

　 3、首尾在心，紧扣中心

　 任何一位作者都会有自己的写作意图，任何一篇文章都会有自己的中心主旨，而能否明晰作者的写作意图，能否把握文章的主旨，是理解一篇文章的关键，也是阅读水平高低的体现。为了考察考生对文章的理解程度和阅读水平，出题者必然会以各种方式对作者的写作意图与文章的主旨要义进行考察。一般来说，文章的主旨经常会被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入点，因此同学们应格外注意它们。

　 4、学会跳读，心中有图

　 阅读理解要做到心中既有森林，又有树木，既要统揽全文，又要主次有别。跳读即可用来通读全文，了解大意，又可用来搜寻细节，锁定被考察信息——如此既把握了整体，又不会忽视细节。在跳读时一定不要借用母语翻译，而要通过情景想象、提纲列表、重点连线、简图示意等手段来梳理文章脉络，使之直观化、形象化、具体化。

　5、善于猜测词义

　 各类考试都允许出现 3%的超纲词汇，这些词汇往往文中都会给出暗示，考生可以根据上下文来推断他们的意思；有些其后则会紧跟其同位语，直接对其进行解释说明；有的词汇（多数为名词）只需判定它是某类事物即可，比如人名、地名、某类动、植物等等，而无须弄明白其具体意思；有些词真是猜不出意思也不必太在意，因为一、两个词不认识根本不会对文章理解带来障碍，一定不能因之而恐慌，从而影响发挥。对于词义猜测试题中的超纲词，文中肯定会对其进行或解释、或同义、或暗示，只要细心，只要思路开阔，就一定能发现线索，确定其含义。

　Life is difficult.

　It is a great truth because once we truly understand and accept it. Then life is no longer difficult.

　 Most do not fully see this truth. Instead they complain

　about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties represent (代表) a special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families, their class, or even their nation.

　What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one.

　Problems, depending on their nature, cause us sadness, or loneliness or regret or anger or fear. These are uncomfortable feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy. Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the serious test that tells us success from failure.

　When we desire to encourage the growth of human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems, just as in school we set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of meeting and work- ing out problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, Those things that hurt, instruct.

　It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.

　1. From the passage, it can be inferred that______.

　A. everybody has problems

　B. we become stronger by meeting and solving the problems of life

　C. life is difficult because our problems bring us pain

　D. people like to complain: about their problems

　答案: B

　指导：全文主要讲述有人抱怨生活的艰难，作者也承认生活是艰难的，然而正是这艰难的解决问题的过程使生活更有意义，所以文中最后一段第三行 When we desire to encourage the growth“human spirit，we encourage the human ability to solveproblems，故此 B为最佳选项。

　2. The writer probably used just one short sentence in the first paragraph to______.

　A. save space

　R persuade readers

　C. make readers laugh

　D. get readers" attention

　答案: D

　指导：写文章的目的就是解决问题，本文首先开门见山地点出问题，显然是为了吸引读者的注意力，而不是其他选项。

　3. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that______.

　A. most people feel life is easy

　B. the writer feels life is easy

　C. the writer likes to complain about his problems

　D. most people complain about how hard their lives are

　答案: D

　指导：由第三段第一句和第二句可知第三段的主要意思是“人们经常抱怨生活多么艰辛”。

　4. According to the passage, we give school children difficult

　problems to solve in order to______.

　A. encourage them to learn

　B. teach them to fear the pain of solving the problem

　C. help them learn to deal with pain

　D. teach them how to respect from problems

　答案: A

　指导：由文章倒数第四句"we encourage the human ability to solve problems，justasin school we set problems for our childrentosolve"可知 A 为最佳选项。

　5. The saying from Benjamin Franklin "Those things that hurt,instruct" suggests that______.

　A. we do not learn from experience

　B. we do not learn when we are in pain

　C. pain teaches us important lessons

　D. pain cannot be avoided 答案: C

　指导：由文中"It is through the para of meeting and working out problems that we learn"可知答案为 C，意思是”正是通过解决问题的痛苦，我们学到了知识”。

　*************************************************************************结束

　 3 2013 高考英语阅读理解 --- 六字真诀 （ 02 ）

　六字真诀 （ 02 ）

　----【定】

　 “定”——“定区间”。能够圈定各题答案的范围。

　出题者一般都是根据文本的某一段，或某一段的某一句，或某一句的某一词，或根据隐藏在字里行间的作者的暗示进行题设。这就要求做题时要进行回想、返查，锁定与问题相关信息的所在区域，为正确解题打基础。这个过程就像捉迷藏一样，要想找到文本中躲藏的“猫猫”，就必须对藏躲“猫猫”的区域谙熟于心，进而准确定位，圈定范围，定能一抓一个准。

　 总的来说，每个问题都对应于文本中的某个区间，或显或隐，或大或小，或段或句或词，考生要擦亮眼睛，善于定位，为找到答案的根据做好必要且充分的准备。

　*******************************************************结束

　 （****** ）

　 Everyone would like to be a millionaire but can you imagine having over $ 30 million and only being 20 years old? Brimey Spears from Kentwood, a small town in Louisiana, is only 20 years old; she is an international pop superstar with not only $ 30 million but also a $ 2 million house in LA. At her young age, she can look after her family financially (经济上)all her life.

　 This year is a big year for Britney, she is currently on a 31 date tour of the US and every concert is a sell out. That means she plays in front of a crowd of around 18,000 every time. It"s tiring schedule (安排表)but brings great rewards. When tou- ting, she goes to bed around 1 a. rn. and then has a lie-in until I p. m. or 2 p. rn. the next day. Her philosophy(人生观) is to take care of the body and relax but always make sure you work hard and have fan.

　 Spears is not satisfied with only touring and selling nearly 40 million records so she decided to branch out into the movie business and try a bit of acting.

　She made an appearance in "Austin Powers 3" this year and she is filming a teenage come- dy that will be released in March 20 典型例题 this movie, she has a starring role. The movie was her own concept and she picked the writer. For Britney, acting is another way to express herself and she is enthusiastic (热心) about it all. If her movies are successful, her bank account is sure to grow by another few mil-lion dollars but she has been quoted as saying she does it for the love, not the money.

　1. Tick ets for her concerts are______.

　 A. cheap

　B. expensive C. on sale soon

　 D. all sold

　答案: D

　指导：由第二段第一句“．．．and every concert is a sell out"可知，每场音乐会的票

　都能售空，故选 D. 2. Which of the following is not true according to the text?

　A. Though young, Britney can support her family now.

　B. While touring, Britney sleeps about 12 hours a day.

　C. The teenage comedy movie was based on Britney"s own

　story.

　D. Britney will be even richer with her movies successful.

　答案: C

　指导：由第三段最后一句"The movie was her own concept．．．”知，这部青少年电影喜战只是她的"concept"，而非她自己的故事。

　3. According to Britney Spears, she works______.

　A. to be a great actress

　B. for the enjoyment

　C. for money

　D. to be more famous

　答案: B 指导：由文章最后一句“．．．she has been quoted as saying she does it for the love，not the money"知：Britney 所做一切只是为快乐和喜欢，而非钱与名利。

　**************************************************结束 3 2013 高考英语阅读理解 --- 六字真诀 （ 03 ）

　六字真诀 （ 03 ）

　---------【划】

　 “划”——“划根据”。作答时理由要充分，并在文章中划出解题依据。

　 能够在文本中划出解题根据是正确解题的关键，更是阅读理解不丢分的保障。猎人有句行话，叫“不见兔子不撒鹰”，在这儿我要告诉各位同学，在做阅读理解时要做到“不见根据不做题”。理由充分，根据凿实，这是“不仅知其然，而且知其所以然”的超高境界，是阅读水平提高的最大见证。从这种意义上讲，“划”字诀是“重、定、划、看、防、读”六字真诀之尤为重要者。

　******************************************************结...